ceiling
What Will Happen When Debt Ceiling Isn’t Raised?
The government shut down on October 1, 2013. Some 800000 government workers are sent home without pay, but might get paid if a bill is created and passed to pay them for their lost time. During the last shutdown, in 1995 and 1996, Congress later passed legislation that made workers whole for the days they were furloughed. But today, at least 535 federal workers at Congress will get paid, for doing nothing, except for sabotaging the country’s core. It is estimated that the GDP would decline $1.6 billion/week or $83 billion/year. The U.S. GDP growth is 2%/year or $300 billion/year. So for example, if the government would shut down for a month, you wouldn’t be growing 2%/year, but 1.8%/year. Hardly noticeable…
On the other hand, we have a more significant date: 17 October. This is the day where the debt ceiling will be breached. That’s a more serious thing to consider. When the debt ceiling isn’t raised, there is the imminent problem of maturing debt. The short term maturities are going to be the ones that default first. Chart 1 gives the T-bills with their maturity date. Those that mature on 17 October have a spike in yield. You will see that those yields are skyrocketing every day closer to the debt ceiling default date of 17 October. So the market is anticipating an outright default. This will have severe implications on credit transactions all over the world as noted by Bill Gross.
Chart 1: T-bills |
So what will the Federal Reserve do if we were to breach the debt ceiling, instead of raising the debt ceiling?
Go here to find out.
Federal Reserve: To Taper or not to Taper
Chart 1: U.S. Public Debt |
Since May 19, 2013, the debt ceiling has been stuck at $16.735 trillion and this ceiling has been in place for almost 2 months as chart 1 suggests. The treasury says that they would be able to pay all the bills until October by enacting extraordinary measures from May 20 till August 2.
In all, the Treasury has the following measures available to it:
- Suspend the investments of the Thrift Savings Plan G Fund (otherwise rolled over or reinvested daily, such investments totaled $130 billion in Treasury securities as of May 31, 2013);
- Suspend investments of the Exchange Stabilization Fund (otherwise rolled over daily, such investments totaled $23 billion as of May 31, 2013);
- Suspend the issuance of new securities to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund and Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund (totaling an estimated $79 billion on June 30, 2013, and about $2 billion each subsequent month);
- Redeem early securities held by the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund and the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund equal in value to expected benefit payments (valued at about $6 billion per month);
- Suspend the issuance of new State and Local Government Series (SLGS) securities and savings bonds (between $4 billion and $17 billion in SLGS securities and less than $1 billion in savings bonds are issued each month); and
- Replace Treasury securities subject to the debt limit with debt issued by the Federal Financing Bank, which is not subject to the limit (up to $8 billion).
And due to higher tax revenues at the start of 2013, we see that interest payments on government debt weren’t a problem. In fact, the interest payments as a percentage of tax revenue has been declining since 2013 (Chart 2).
Chart 2: Interest payments as a % of tax revenue |
Though, there is one parameter that was not anticipated and that is the effect of higher interest rates and higher mortgage rates.
Biggest drop in U.S. bonds in 2 months
A little update on the decoupling experiment I started 2 months ago. I wanted to see if the S&P could decline together with a decline in U.S. bonds and the U.S. dollar. This would mean each graph (red, green, blue) on chart 1 would go down. It hasn’t started doing that yet.
U.S. debt jumps by $US 75 billion overnight
U.S. debt jumped $US 75 billion overnight, which is a pretty big jump. Total U.S. public debt jumped from $US 15.781 trillion (28-Jul-2012) to $US 15.856 trillion (29-Jul-2012). The debt ceiling of $US 16.7 trillion is coming closer and closer.
Historically, the biggest jumps were $US 154 billion overnight on 31-Dec-2010, $US 166 billion on 30-Dec-2009 and $US 166 billion on 29-Jun-2010. Average jump in debt is $US 3.5 billion.
Chart 1: Total U.S. Public Debt |
By 2013: Another Increase in U.S. Debt Ceiling
Chart 1: U.S. Total Public Debt VS. U.S. Debt Ceiling |